Single-molecule states link transcription factor binding to gene ...

2 days ago · The binding of multiple transcription factors (TFs) to genomic enhancers drives gene expression in mammalian cells 1.However, the molecular details that link enhancer sequence …

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How do transcription factors regulate gene expression?

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific consensus motifs within enhancers or promoter-proximal regions. The mechanism by which TFs bind to their cognate chromatin targets within a complex nuclear environment to assemble transcriptional machinery at specific genomic loci remains elusive. ...

Do transcription factors bind at different target sites?

Genome-scale analysis of binding dynamics of transcription factors at individual sites has been performed for Rap1 and TBP in yeast cells and for TBP in human cells ( 20 – 22 ). For each of these transcription factors, binding dynamics differ among target sites in a manner that is poorly correlated with the overall level of binding. ...

Why is transcription factor binding important?

Transcription factor binding to target DNA sequences is critical for regulating gene expression in response to environmental and developmental cues. SP1 is a transcriptional activator protein that binds GC-box DNA sequences at many promoter and enhancer regions. ...

Does protein-DNA binding suggest a molecular clutch for transcription factor function?

Lickwar, C. R., Mueller, F., Hanlon, S. E., McNally, J. G. & Lieb, J. D. Genome-wide protein-DNA binding dynamics suggest a molecular clutch for transcription factor function. Nature 484, 251–255 (2012). Ghamari, A. et al. In vivo live imaging of RNA polymerase II transcription factories in primary cells. Genes Dev. 27, 767–777 (2013). ...

How do transcription factors affect eukaryotic gene expression?

Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators of eukaryotic gene expression that bind to short stretches of DNA commonly known as TF-binding sites (TFBSs) and modify the expression of genes adjacent to these regions. TFs bind to TFBSs with differing affinities, resulting in longer binding times in some locations than others. ...

How can a single molecule footprint be used to control gene expression?

Precise control of gene expression requires the coordinated action of multiple factors at cis -regulatory elements. We recently developed single-molecule footprinting to simultaneously resolve the occupancy of multiple proteins including transcription factors, RNA polymerase II and nucleosomes on single DNA molecules genome-wide. ...